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EU

New Large Coral Reef Discovered Off Naples Containing Rare Ancient Corals (independent.co.uk) 13

Posted by EditorDavid from the reefer-gladness dept.
Off the southwest cost of Italy, a remotely operated submarine made "a significant and rare discovery," reports the Independent — a vast white coral reef that was 80 metres tall (262 feet) and 2 metres wide (6.56 feet) "containing important species and fossil traces." Often dubbed the "rainforests of the sea", coral reefs are of immense scientific interest due to their status as some of the planet's richest marine ecosystems, harbouring millions of species. They play a crucial role in sustaining marine life but are currently under considerable threat...

hese impressive formations are composed of deep-water hard corals, commonly referred to as "white corals" because of their lack of colour, specifically identified as Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata species. The reef also contains black corals, solitary corals, sponges, and other ecologically important species, as well as fossil traces of oysters and ancient corals, the Italian Research Council said. It called them "true geological testimonies of a distant past."

Mission leader Giorgio Castellan said the finding was "exceptional for Italian seas: bioconstructions of this kind, and of such magnitude, had never been observed in the Dohrn Canyon, and are rarely seen elsewhere in our Mediterranean". The discovery will help scientists understand the ecological role of deep coral habitats and their distribution, especially in the context of conservation and restoration efforts, he added.
The undersea research was funded by the EU.

Thanks to davidone (Slashdot reader #12,252) for sharing the article.
Programming

The Toughest Programming Question for High School Students on This Year's CS Exam: Arrays 65

Posted by EditorDavid from the are-you-smarter-than-a-12th-grader dept.
America's nonprofit College Board lets high school students take college-level classes — including a computer programming course that culminates with a 90-minute test. But students did better on questions about If-Then statements than they did on questions about arrays, according to the head of the program. Long-time Slashdot reader theodp explains: Students exhibited "strong performance on primitive types, Boolean expressions, and If statements; 44% of students earned 7-8 of these 8 points," says program head Trevor Packard. But students were challenged by "questions on Arrays, ArrayLists, and 2D Arrays; 17% of students earned 11-12 of these 12 points."

"The most challenging AP Computer Science A free-response question was #4, the 2D array number puzzle; 19% of students earned 8-9 of the 9 points possible."
You can see that question here. ("You will write the constructor and one method of the SumOrSameGame class... Array elements are initialized with random integers between 1 and 9, inclusive, each with an equal chance of being assigned to each element of puzzle...") Although to be fair, it was the last question on the test — appearing on page 16 — so maybe some students just didn't get to it.

theodp shares a sample Java solution and one in Excel VBA solution (which includes a visual presentation).

There's tests in 38 subjects — but CS and Statistics are the subjects where the highest number of students earned the test's lowest-possible score (1 out of 5). That end of the graph also includes notoriously difficult subjects like Latin, Japanese Language, and Physics.

There's also a table showing scores for the last 23 years, with fewer than 67% of students achieving a passing grade (3+) for the first 11 years. But in 2013 and 2017, more than 67% of students achieved that passsing grade, and the percentage has stayed above that line ever since (except for 2021), vascillating between 67% and 70.4%.

2018: 67.8%
2019: 69.6%
2020: 70.4%
2021: 65.1%
2022: 67.6%
2023: 68.0%
2024: 67.2%
2025: 67.0%
Transportation

Class Action Accuses Toyota of Illegally Sharing Drivers' Data (insurancejournal.com) 51

Posted by EditorDavid from the you'll-never-drive-alone dept.
"A federal class action lawsuit filed this week in Texas accused Toyota and an affiliated telematics aggregator of unlawfully collecting drivers' information and then selling that data to Progressive," reports Insurance Journal: The lawsuit alleges that Toyota and Connected Analytic Services (CAS) collected vast amounts of vehicle data, including location, speed, direction, braking and swerving/cornering events, and then shared that information with Progressive's Snapshot data sharing program. The class action seeks an award of damages, including actual, nominal, consequential damages, and punitive, and an order prohibiting further collection of drivers' location and vehicle data.
Florida man Philip Siefke had bought a new Toyota RAV4 XLE in 2021 "equipped with a telematics device that can track and collect driving data," according to the article. But when he tried to sign up for insurance from Progressive, "a background pop-up window appeared, notifying Siefke that Progressive was already in possession of his driving data, the lawsuit says. A Progressive customer service representative explained to Siefke over the phone that the carrier had obtained his driving data from tracking technology installed in his RAV4." (Toyota told him later he'd unknowingly signed up for a "trial" of the data sharing, and had failed to opt out.) The lawsuit alleges Toyota never provided Siefke with any sort of notice that the car manufacture would share his driving data with third parties... The lawsuit says class members suffered actual injury from having their driving data collected and sold to third parties including, but not limited to, damage to and diminution in the value of their driving data, violation of their privacy rights, [and] the likelihood of future theft of their driving data.
The telemetry device "can reportedly gather information about location, fuel levels, the odometer, speed, tire pressure, window status, and seatbelt status," notes CarScoop.com. "In January, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton started an investigation into Toyota, Ford, Hyundai, and FCA..." According to plaintiff Philip Siefke from Eagle Lake, Florida, Toyota, Progressive, and Connected Analytic Services collect data that can contribute to a "potential discount" on the auto insurance of owners. However, it can also cause insurance premiums to be jacked up.
The plaintiff's lawyer issued a press release: Despite Toyota claiming it does not share data without the express consent of customers, Toyota may have unknowingly signed up customers for "trials" of sharing customer driving data without providing any sort of notice to them. Moreover, according to the lawsuit, Toyota represented through its app that it was not collecting customer data even though it was, in fact, gathering and selling customer information. We are actively investigating whether Toyota, CAS, or related entities may have violated state and federal laws by selling this highly sensitive data without adequate disclosure or consent...

If you purchased a Toyota vehicle and have since seen your auto insurance rates increase (or been denied coverage), or have reason to believe your driving data has been sold, please contact us today or visit our website at classactionlawyers.com/toyota-tracking.
On his YouTube channel, consumer protection attorney Steve Lehto shared a related experience he had — before realizing he wasn't alone. "I've heard that story from so many people who said 'Yeah, I I bought a brand new car and the salesman was showing me how to set everything up, and during the setup process he clicked Yes on something.' Who knows what you just clicked on?!"

Thanks to long-time Slashdot reader sinij for sharing the news.

Comment they're called rare for a reason... (Score 1) 361

by SethJohnson (#65307871) Attached to: China Halts Rare Earth Exports Globally
The motivation to mine and process rare earth materials has existed for many years. If it were just that easy, then China wouldn't have such a strategic dominance in this resource. For instance, most geologists think the minerals deal floated for Ukraine is ridiculous on multiple levels, but to distill it down, if those minerals were feasibly available to mine and process, private enterprise would have already set up shop there. In reality, Ukrainian rare earth mines are in abject disrepair and not even running and that is a reflection of the commercial viability of Ukrainian rare earth metals resources.

The capital investment required to launch a new lithium mining / processing operation is gargantuan. Nobody is going to take that step when China could sweep away its relevance by simply dropping this export ban.

Comment We still have a Department of Energy? (Score 3, Insightful) 26

by SethJohnson (#65227021) Attached to: Geothermal Could Power Nearly All New Data Centers Through 2030

advanced geothermal techniques could unlock 90 gigawatts of clean power in the U.S. alone, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.

This statement was made just seconds before Elon Musk marched right up onto the stage, slapped the DOE across the face, and shouted, "You get 'clean energy' out of your mouth!" The problem was resolved with the Musk administration re-branding the agency "Department of Petroleum."

Comment BW laser is the way to print (Score 4, Insightful) 119

Why print in color? Get a black and white laser printer. Most economical cost per page printing there is. No problem with ink drying up in the print head if not used for a while, etc. If I need to print a photo, I upload it to Walgreens and they have it ready to pick up in 30 minutes at the cost of nickels per picture.

Comment explorers not colonizers (Score 1) 172

You write from an informed perspective on this topic (ST:NG), yet I think the godlike fault you cite is inaccurate in the context of Next Generation. The series OFTEN dealt with the problem of a comparatively advanced civilization encountering a primitive civilization. This was so much woven into the fabric of ST:NG they built the "Prime Directive" as a best practices for these scenarios. The introduction of the Borg illustrates the importance of the Prime Directive as it turns the table on the Federation being primitive and the Borg representing an advanced civilization with zero respect supporting the natural development of an alien culture and society.

While ST:NG is classic SF wrestling with frontier mythos, I think it's less "Wagon Train to the Stars" (that's Battlestar Galactica) and more Christopher Columbus to the Stars. The enterprise is an exploration ship, not a colonization vessel.

Comment not paid placement (Score 1) 153

I'm not here to internet-argue with you. I share your disdain for "in-your-face" product placements in movies. I'm with you.

Stepping back and evaluating the work of a director from all sides, I think almost all directors have sold out as artists in choosing a medium where they must pander to their audience to entice them to purchase tickets to see the work. The director is catering the artistic work to the supposed taste of the intended audience. When movies "flop" at the box office, frequently it's because the director executed their vision poorly, had a bad vision, or the producers forced a crappy vision through cells on their spreadsheets for what makes a successful film. Sometimes, though, a movie flops because the director abandoned consideration of the audience and pushed forward with the movie THEY wanted to make. Recent examples are Joker 2 and Megalopolis.

Regarding Apple, the company claims it does not pay for product placement in TV shows or movies. If a character is using a MacBook and the logo is visible, it's because the director wanted to associate the character with the brand for some reason other than financial. HP or DELL would have paid for the placement, so the director was leaving money on the table by choosing that Apple logo.

The referenced "no villains policy" is a preference by Apple, but there is no case history of enforcing it. Per this article:

In John Wick, the man who kills John's dog and steals his car is seen using an iPhone, and Josh Hartnett's serial killer character in Trap also appears to be using an Apple device. Some fans pointed out that an iPhone also appears in a villain's briefcase in Marvel's 2015 movie Ant-Man.

Comment Re:Top Tier Director (Score 4, Interesting) 153

I'm not a fan of product placement. In most cases it's a repugnant cash-grab by the studio.

Consider this perspective, if you may...

A director is an artist who works within a set of constraints. The budgets can be gargantuan and seemingly freeing a director of constraints, yet, they are always still there. Producers can require certain actors be featured to secure the film's funding. Locations can be dictated based on tax incentives. Even the framing of each shot (aspect ratio) can be controlled by the distributors offerings of projection equipment.

A good or great director is empowered by their ability to define an artistic vision and then navigate the constraints to present their vision with the least amount of compromises as possible.

Another way of looking at the Chinese farm tractor is that the director may have had a concept that exceeded the budget offered by the producers. A scene perhaps that would have been exceedingly costly and the producers were unconvinced it would add enough umph to the resulting product to justify the expense. So, a producer might have suggested to the director, "If you can somehow fit this farm tractor on screen somewhere in this story for 35 seconds, the manufacturer will kick in the money you need to execute on this scene." Is that selling out? Or is the director ensuring their artistic vision is completed without sacrifice?

Comment effective metaphor? Perhaps... (Score 1) 93

Sure, greed played a significant role on both sides of this metaphor:

1. Explorers from Europe came to America looking for resource wealth.
2. The SS United States purpose for being built was to charge fees for passenger transport across the Atlantic Ocean.
3. Colonists grew weary of sending vast wealth back to England, so they staged a revolution and declared independence.
4. Within less than a decade of its maiden voyage, the SS United States became unprofitable to operate as a passenger ship and has essentially been docked ever since.
5. Oligarchs have determined the US government has become an impediment to their increasing wealth generation, so they have begun to dismantle the government.
6. After 40+ years of business schemes have been presented and failed to secure a future for the SS United States, the ship is more expensive to keep above water than below water.

The SS United States is a STEAM-powered ship. The real obstacle to re-purpose the ship for any non-stationary use was that nautical propulsion had evolved beyond steam power with diesel and nuclear options. Democracy is powered by an informed electorate, which for various reasons has devolved in recent decades. I'm not sure that an oligarchy, monarchy, or benevolent dictatorship is the evolution that will put the United States at the bottom of the ocean, though. This is where the metaphor becomes less clear.

Comment Vessel-to-Reef program (Score 4, Informative) 93

Perhaps not long for this world, but the Environmental Protection Agency administers the Vessel-to-Reef program. This documentation outlines the remediation best practices to prepare a ship prior to scuttling it to become a marine habitat. Removal of fuel, oil, asbestos, and other toxins is called out. The whole ship has already been gutted of asbestos by Ukrainians many years back.

This is the second ship Okaloosa County, Florida, has sunk as an artificial reef, so the SS United States is not their first rodeo. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission requires adherence to the earlier referenced EPA best practices when deploying an artificial reef.

Comment Re: angry democrat civil servant? (Score 5, Informative) 140

by SethJohnson (#65176045) Attached to: xAI Releases Its Latest Flagship Model, Grok 3
Texas has had republican governors since the mid 1990s. All statewide offices have been held by republicans since the early 2000s. How would the democrats own responsibility for Texas education ranking In the lower half of US states- 29th place? This is significantly below liberal bastion states such as California and Illinois. You would think with such tight republican oversight of teacher and administrator wages, Texas public schools would be excelling per your scenario. Instead, the republican governor and state senate members want to shift money AWAY from public school teacher salaries and disperse it to private church schools via a voucher program.

Please clarify, how are the democrats responsible for the struggling Texas education system?

Comment international studies determining standards (Score 1) 100

"This project was funded by the Post-Primary Education Initiative of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL)"

As it seems the US Department of Education will no longer be allowed to fund research in cognitive development methodologies, we can expect to see an increase in studies like this providing acknowledgments to non-US institutions. As the focus of these non-domestic studies will be on context affecting students outside the US, their results will be of increasingly less relevance to US educators.

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