Because the female mosquitoes from the mating are sterile but the males are fine and carry the trait. Presumably those males mate with unaffected females of their generation and produce another generation of sterile females and carrier males. This can continue until there are no remaining fertile females, then they all die out.

They might bring the owl back, but thanks to their AI, it'll have 6 toes and whinny now.

YouTube lecture on this by the discoverer, Ryan Williams
Ryan Willaims's paper, "Simulating Time With Square-Root Space
This appears to be based partly but largely on Tree Evaluation is in Space O(log n * log log n)" by James Cook and Ian Mertz (2023 colloqium, STOC 2024 conference).

I'm just a programmer who has spent an hour or so looking at this, so please take the rest of this post with a grain of salt.

I get the impression that Professor Williams's result so far, already a tool for making progress about which computational complexity classes are the same and different, has the limitation of relying on how slow Turing machines are at accessing memory, based on the mention at 18min:50sec into that YouTube Video of how the space savings degrades for a Turing machine with tapes of more than one dimension. If I understand correctly, for such Turing machines, an algorithm with running time bounded above by time T(n) for any input of length n, the space used by this potentially much slower space-saving simulation is bounded by O( ( T(n) + log T(n) ) ** ( 1 - (1/(D+1))) ). I'm using "**" as exponentiation, so the exponent means square root (that is, exponent 0.5) for a one dimensional (linear) tape, two thirds power (exponent 0.66...) for a tape that is a two dimensional surface, 0.75th power for a three dimensional tape, and, so far, no known savings for a tree shaped tape, although I suppose that that three dimensional limit does ultimately apply to real world data storage systems.

Sure, if you want it to become an unusable cesspool. If you just hate YouTube and want to kill it, this is the way. Same with any other site that hosts user-provided content -- if it's popular and unmoderated it will become a hellscape in short order.

The buy-now-pay-later services being used are zero interest as long as payments are made on time, so it could just be a case of people who are living paycheck to paycheck (which indicates bad financial management more than poverty) using this to smooth out their expenses so they don't have to wait for their paycheck to be able to buy groceries. It could be a significant improvement for those who used to occasionally use payday loans (which are not zero interest). These people would be better off adjusting their spending habits to maintain a buffer of their own cash instead, but if they aren't going to do that BNPL is a better option than waiting for payday before buying food or using a payday loan service.

But obviously the only reason these by-now-pay-later services are in business is because some of their customers fail to make the zero-interest payments and end up having to pay interest, and this number is high enough to make them profitable. It would be very interesting to find out what that percentage is. People who are paying interest on regular purchases like groceries are throwing money away, which is clearly bad.

The rest of your comment is basically correct, if unnecessarily negative, but this isn't. Traditional tools like diff make it very easy to see exactly what has changed. In practice, I rely on git, staging all of the iteration's changes ("git add .") before telling the AI to fix whatever needs fixing, then "git diff" to see what it did (or use the equivalent git operations in your IDE if you don't like the command line and unified diffs).

I also find it's helpful to make the AI keep iterating until the code builds and passes the unit tests before I bother taking a real look at what it has done. I don't even bother to read the compiler errors or test failure messages, I just paste them in the AI chat. Once the AI has something that appears to work, then I look at it. Normally, the code is functional and correct, though it's often not structured the way I'd like. Eventually it iterates to something I think is good, though the LLMs have a tendency to over-comment, so I tend to manually delete a lot of comments while doing the final review pass.

I actually find this mode of operation to be surprisingly efficient. Not so much because it gets the code written faster but because I can get other stuff done, too, because I mostly don't mentally context switch while the AI is working and compiles and tests are running.

This mode is probably easier for people who are experienced and comfortable with doing code reviews. Looking at what the AI has done is remarkably similar to looking at the output of a competent but inexperienced programmer.

It does a pretty good job at the obvious flows, both positive and negative cases. But where coverage is inadequate you can iterate quite easily and automatically with a coverage tool. Just take the coverage tool output and feed it to the LLM. I have found that I don't even need to prompt it what to with the coverage, it understands what the tool output means and what it should do in response.

Like with the compiler and testrunner, what would really make this work well is if the AI could run the coverage tool itself so it could iterate without my interaction. With that, I could just tell it to write unit tests for a given module and give it a numeric coverage threshold it needs to meet, or to explain why the threshold can't be met.

I expect that the resulting tests would be very mechanistic, in the sense that they would aim to cover every branch but without much sense of which ones really matter and which ones don't. But maybe not. The LLM regularly surprises me with its apparent understanding not only of what code does, but of why. Regardless, review would be needed, and I'd undoubtedly want to make some changes... but I'll bet it would get me at least 75% of the way to a comprehensive test suite with minimal effort.

Makes sense.

Could be worse than that. One year I had a problem that my brokerage reported all of my gains but failed to report the cost basis. This was on a bunch of Restricted Stock Unit sales which happened automatically when the stock vested, so the actual capital gains are always very close to zero, since the sale occurs minutes after the vesting. But from the 1099-B it appeared I had 100% gains on a bunch of stock sales that approximately equal my annual salary (about half of my income is stock). Worse, taken at face value would have taxed me on that money twice, since the vesting counts as normal income and is taxable income reported on the W-2, then the sale counts as a 100% short-term capital gain.

What would happen in your scheme in such a situation is that the government's pre-filled form would show up as a massive tax bill. Assuming the taxpayer survived the resulting heart attack, they'd just have to file a return that shows the correct cost basis. So it's fine; no worse than the status quo, and better for most people.

Or you could just fire most of the IRS staff and reduce their capacity that way... which the party currently in charge is already happily doing, so I'm not sure why you think reducing their capacity by burying them in paper would cause a reversal. It would just make it even easier for wealthy people with long, complicated returns to cheat outrageously, confident the IRS doesn't have the capacity to audit them. That is the GOP's goal.

Sure. And on that same form you can also report all of the other details they might not have, like whether you bought an EV or installed home efficiency upgrades that qualify for a tax credit, and what charitable donations you made that are tax deductible, and what your state and local taxes are, and... you get the point. Just to be sure, maybe you should also include the details you're sure they do have. And given that there's some ambiguity in the law about how some of this stuff fits together as well as some choices you get to make, maybe you could also do the calculations.

You've just reinvented the 1040.

This one is completely solvable, but the place you have to start is not with the forms and flow of information, the place you have to start is the tax code and the laws regulating what other entities have to report, and are allowed to report.

For example, consider state and local taxes. Two options: Either you eliminate the state and local tax deduction on federal income taxes or you require all state and local tax entities to report your payments to them. This also means that all of those entities have to have a way to uniquely identify you. We abuse the social security number (which was not intended to be used as an identifier for anything except the social security program) for this, and that's probably fine in this case, though it's also possible that the Privacy Act restricts it in some cases, so the law might have to be tweaked there, too.

For the charitable donations case, same options: Either eliminate the tax deduction or require all charities to report donations, which will require you to give your social security number to them. I'm not sure how people would feel about having to provide their SSN to Goodwill when they drop off some old furniture.

Same with EV. If you want to keep the tax credits, auto dealers will have to report to the IRS. At least you already more or less have to give them your SSN.

Same with energy efficiency upgrades, except that's complicated by the fact that some people buy the units themselves and install them, so Home Depot et al have to begin reporting to the IRS, and you have to give them your SSN, while other people hire a contractor, who will have to do the reporting, and to whom you'll have to provide your SSN.

And so on across the hundreds, perhaps thousands, of other issues.

Yes, most people don't have any of these other issues in a given year (except state and local taxes), so a compromise might be a simple system for people who just have W-2 income and take the standard deduction, and no other complications. It's hard to see how it could be simplified for anyone with more complex taxes, though, unless the tax code was overhauled to simply eliminate all of the deductions and credits.

When discussing automobile transmissions, "five gears" is shorthand for "five gear ratios". We usually don't include the last word because there's no need, but the terminology is not inaccurate, just not fully articulated. Well, it's still kind of inaccurate because reverse is usually a different gear ratio than any of the forward selections, and I suppose you could consider neutral to be a gear ratio.

We also talk about bikes as having 15 gears, again failing to articulate the "ratio" -- and a bike with 15 gear ratios has 8 gears in its drive train, so it's clear we're talking about ratios, not the number of toothed wheels. This is entirely consistent with automotive terminology, where we talk about a car as having five gears or being a five speed.

/r/duck

Pro tip: Many automatic transmissions also start out in 2nd gear if you put the shifter in 2nd. They downshift to the selected gear as well.

What he means is that Tesla is not offering an upgrade path.

That sucks. We lost a lot of good people in those layoffs. Google is still trying to reduce headcount through smaller, incremental layoffs but mostly through attrition.

BTW, I work for Google, going on 15 years now. I'm not trying to defend Google; my job is writing code, not PR. But I worked a lot of places before Google, and Google's email retention policy isn't remotely unusual. If anything, at 18 months it's a little longer than most places. I'm not sure how the rest of the corporate world is handling chats; chat wasn't yet a big thing in corporate communications when I joined Google in 2011. It was used in many places then, but mostly with departmental chat servers (e.g. IRC, Jabber, etc.) and under the legal radar.

I'm not sure what the policies were in the past, but as of now it's 30 days for 1:1 chats, 18 months for group chats, same as emails.