Patents are the core problem.
Economy: Science that studies scarcity.
Patent: A way to make scarce a resource it is not scarce.
So by definition, patentes reduce the world economy. Even more importan, Mariana Mazucatto (Italian economist) managed to study all drugs create after WW2 up to know and she was able to prove that at least, 75% of the drugs were created with government funds, and then a pharma took it. modified an atom of the molecule and patented it.
Take for example Ketamine as a single shot lifetime antidepressant ( https://ancillary-proxy.atarimworker.io?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ted.com%2Ftalks%2Frebe... ). It was proved to work real well, but since it cannot be patented, no pharma wants to work to get it approved by the FDA as antidepressant. Finally, a pharma was able to modify the molecule and patent it (SPRAVATO). The modification was done so it is no longer a single shot lifetime antidepressant (you need to take it constantly) and to be able to patent it. It was the fastest drug ever approved by the FDA at the time.
Government and patents are at the core of the problem. If a new drug that promises to solve depression forever for every person in the planet with a single shot, and no pharma wants to test it because it can't be patented, government role is to test it and approve it.