And a good teacher who understands how you to use AI can still develop a curriculum that is not totally solvable by an AI, thus still getting the concepts and critical thinking skills taught.
The current state of technology and learning is limited by the tools of the generation. In the early 1900s no doubt much time was spent in university on mathematical computation done by hand, and advancements were limited by the fact that ideas and results had to be tabulated and verified by hand. Now we have computers and mathematical software engines that we take for granted to do this work, yet critical thinking is still engaged, just at the next level. Rather than solving a PDE being the thesis, the computer solves it for you. But critical thinking is still required to know why you need to solve this PDE, and what is enabled once moving past the rigor of getting numbers out of the PDE.
Our current technology is limiting for learning in many ways. One is the various languages and drivers in software language that take time to learn and adapt to. This is one area in which using AI will increase efficiency while still enabling critical thinking. So many times I have been bogged down when an instrument requires migrating a driver to a different language, or hacking things together, when my end goal is not to learn software languages. Skewer me if you must, but programming is just a tool on the way to doing something else for many. Let the AI figure out how to stitch it together quickly and write the code so I can more quickly get back to what I was really trying to do.
Another area is in combing through the vast horde of scientific papers out there. Having an agent intelligently comb through and present applicable articles and summaries is a huge increase in efficiency. Further, I'd argue that it will improve the overall success rate of such searches. I am sure that I have suffered through extra work and missteps that someone else has already gone through and documented, but I missed it. Mainly because I am human and have deadlines and can't read through every god forsaken paper on earth looking to find that snippet with the answer. But being able to spit out an "I wonder" or a "how about" question and get an AI to infer your process and find whether there is research on the topic would be huge. And in the end I am still doing an insane amount of critical thinking, but using a tool that will give me a better success rate.
I am in the camp of "let them use AI". In the end it will still come down to the ability of the teachers to teach them the skills they need to use it successfully. This will require reinvention of their curriculum and assignments that still get their students to learn the fundamental abilities, which is 100% possible with AI.