Is "gouging" the right word? Residential consumers in TX pay half what those in CA do. And the massive price spikes generally only apply to wholesale buyers. I don't think most residential users even have the option of a variable-rate plan.
I don't know if "pay half" is valid, since you have to consider average amounts.
I signed a 10.9 cent per kWh contract here in Texas over a year ago, and the delivery rate (independent grid operator) was increased so it's now a 12.9 cent per kWh contract. All I can eat 24x7, no tiers, etc... Variable rate plans exist in theory, or at least they used to before the 2021 ice storm. I haven't looked for them much since, but there were "free nights and weekends", where you were punished with higher rates during the day.
When I was last in California there were 5 tiers, and limits at each tier (no time of use), and it topped out above 55 cents per kWh. It was crazy. I can probably buy a diesel generator and feed it untaxed red-dye and make my own electricity for 55 cents per...
But the here's the catch... In California, I turned off my homelab, and managed my A/C closely. And I had almost zero need for A/C after 11pm even in the summer months.
Here in Texas, its cheap enough I keep the homelab up (~105 watts, hoping to get to 60 soon...). The A/C runs around the clock in summer. There is no night time break, it's 90/F (32/C) and 90% humidity all night. In the day it gets hotter and if you're lucky the humidity falls enough your sweat evaporates. But some days are just Hell's kitchen.
Overall, I seem to remember averaging 700 - 1200 kWh per month in California in the hotter outer Bay Area, and had maybe three months of high use in the summer. Here in Texas, in an Energy Star 2016 certified house, I blow through 3100 kWh in August, and drop to maybe 1400 kWh in the depths of winter (heat pump... it actually starts going back up if it gets cold. Kali house had a gas furnace). And several years I've found myself making the joke: "Merry Christmas! I've turned the A/C off!"
T