your argument doesn't hold up to the opportunity cost test. if we taxed wealth, what is the next best thing for the rich to do with their wealth? would they still not want to invest it and try to grow their wealth, despite the tax? i'm pretty sure they wouldn't pull it out of the bank and put it into a mattress just to hide it from the tax man. (and no, moving out of the country is not the next best answer here, hopefully for obvious reasons)
sure, a wealth tax is highly unlikely because of political realities, but it's certainly not moronic, as you suggest. growth and economic economy depends on monetary velocity, and concentrated wealth has low velocity on average.
I went deep into another post in this article here: http://tech.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=2695641&cid=39177755
There is one common trait that Kodak shares with every single other company out there (and most American households, ironically) and it's that they lived nearly month to month. Unlike households (that tend to just want to enjoy the moment so they don’t save for a year of potential unemployment) most companies don’t like having too much money "burning a hole in their pockets" since they feel every unspent penny is missed opportunity.
the previous point you made is well taken, but this second one is overly broad in that companies vary in the padding they maintain. the amount of cash a company keeps on hand (or doesn't) depends on industry characteristics, competition, regulatory environment, supply chain risk, and other factors like that. apple is a prime (counter-)example here with $98 billion in cash on its balance sheet. this cash is kept for a variety of reasons, but a few to note: the highly dynamic industry that apple competes in, the supply chain risks it's exposed to (including currency risk), and the competitive threat that such a large amount of cash represents to its potential competitors. elsewhere, someone pointed out the adverse tax consequences of paying out dividends with this cash, which is another valid (but tangential) reason to keep lots of cash.
The point being that if you buy a stock and then later sell it for a higher price, neither you nor the buyer are necessarily suckers. You just have different valuations of the value of the stock -- and the difference may be very small. If you think it isn't worth more than $100 and someone else thinks it's worth $100.20, you aren't having some great existential disagreement about the future of the company. You're disagreeing about whether the future risk-adjusted returns will be two tenths of a percent higher or lower and comparing that favorably or disfavorably with the risk-adjusted returns for other investments (which will be in the same range).
you're theoretically correct, but in practice, most (non-institutional) investors don't have the technical chops and the market knowledge/connections to judge valuations that well, so they are essentially betting (i.e., they're potential suckers - i'd guess that even professional investors often gamble based on intuition rather than analysis). the stock market, like democracy, needs informed actors (and the instantaneous dissemination of material information that the efficient market hypothesis depends on) to really work efficiently. and that's not even considering what information is relevant to a given valuation... so yes, your explanation could be the case, but i'd bet a lot of trades are more due to gambling behavior than to differences of valuation. =)
"Today's robots are very primitive, capable of understanding only a few simple instructions such as 'go left', 'go right', and 'build car'." --John Sladek