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Comment Fix allows post-firing failure? (Score 1) 81

I can imagine the following scenario:

Propellant tanks are pressurized, bursting the burst disks. Very shortly after, the valves to the combustion chambers are opened, and Super Dracos fire. Later, valves close, Super Dracos shut off, leaving fuel and oxidizer in the tanks. Now the helium pressurization lines and the tanks are at equal pressure. Sloshing causes fuel and oxidizer to travel up these lines (with no pressure differential to prevent it) and eventually meet, causing a small explosion which breaks the helium pressure pipe. Now that this is at low pressure, the rest of the oxidizer and fuel escape and combine.

However, I can also imagine lots of things that might make this impossible - but I don't know if these things are true or not.
Perhaps the Super Dracos always fire until propellant exhaustion.
Perhaps after firing there will always be gravity acting in a direction to prevent propellants from reaching the gas pressurization lines.
Perhaps there will always be enough He flow to prevent backflow.
Perhaps they are going to use burst disks and check valves, but didn't say so.

Comment Re:Epigenetics (Score 1) 158

Until I read this, it had not occurred to me to wonder whether epigenetics happens in bacteria, or just in eukaryotes.Wikipedia to the rescue:

"While epigenetics is of fundamental importance in eukaryotes, especially metazoans, it plays a different role in bacteria. Most importantly, eukaryotes use epigenetic mechanisms primarily to regulate gene expression which bacteria rarely do. However, bacteria make widespread use of postreplicative DNA methylation for the epigenetic control of DNA-protein interactions."

Alas, I don't know whether this all means the new bug will work less well due to misbehaving epigenetic mechanisms.

Comment Re:I hope some safety tests are done (Score 2) 158

Antibiotics don't depend in any way on the genetic code of the bacterium, so it should make no difference initially to antibiotic resistance. However because its code is incompatible with other bacteria, it can't gain or pass on antibiotic resistance to others. So the antibiotic situation is better than nature. If you wanted to use bacteriophages (viruses which infect bacteria) to control them, an approach which is currently rare but might become common, you'd need a virus engineered for this bacterium, you wouldn't find a natural virus that could do the job.

If I were making such a critter I'd eliminate some genes that synthesized something important, then provide that something important to my bacteria colonies as a nutrient*. Then if any escape, they won't be able to survive in the wild. (I'd also use an appropriate level of bio-hazard containment. And I'd expect that some independent safety committee has OKed this research. However, that is all supposition - I have no direct knowledge of the safety precautions in this instance.

* Vitamin C is this for humans, except for the 'not present in the wild' part. Most animals can synthesize their own, but humans need to get it in their diet.

Comment Re:If the BFR is real, no one will fly in this pla (Score 1) 76

I'm on the fence on whether BFR will work for orbital launches (but I really hope it will). However I don't believe the "Earth to Earth" mass transportation idea will work any time before, say, 2050:

The safety challenges are enormous. Reentry (for such a large vehicle, and without ablative shields) and propulsive landings leave much less margin for error than even current spaceflight. Compared to current commercial aviation, it is many orders of magnitude more dangerous.

The noise of launch means spaceports will need to be over a hundred km from any large city.

Airliners operate in almost any weather. If you're selling a super-fast transportation link, it won't go down well if 20% of flights are delayed for hours for weather. So now liftoffs and landings have to be able to happen in high winds and rain.

Comment They are well behind other companies (Score 4, Interesting) 41

They have a lot of catching up to do. Rocket Lab did the same - started with a sounding rocket, and moved on to a small sat orbital rocket - but they launched their sounding rocket in 2009. Although Rocket Lab is the most prominent, and the only one I'm aware of to have launched satellites commercially*, there are dozens of other companies aiming for this small sat launch business. Vector Launch is one which is probably very close to achieving an orbital launch. If it takes Interstellar Technologies 5 years (which seems optimistic to me) to go from sounding rocket to orbital launch vehicle, they'll be entering a crowded market, in which there are competitors who have already paid off their R&D investment.

Having said all that, I wish them luck. Rockets are cool, and I'm happy to see more of them.

* Falcon 1 and Pegasus could be counterexamples, depending on how you count things, and I think there may be an Israeli company also.

Comment How well does it land in crosswinds? (Score 2) 69

When an airplane lands in crosswinds (i.e. wind direction is not parallel to the runway) its nose is pointed at an angle to the runway. When it touches down, the plane needs to abruptly swivel so the nose is pointed down the runway, as now it is being directed by wheels rather than wind. In strong crosswinds, this operation looks really freaky. Here are crosswind landing videos.

Here we have a plane with landing gear much much further apart than any ordinary plane. I wonder whether this makes it harder to do that abrupt swivel? If so, the plane will have much greater restrictions on crosswind landings.

Comment Re:That is a the big plan (Score 3, Interesting) 52

For cars and cell phones, energy density matters a lot. For stationary home and industrial scale installations, it matters much less. Are lithium ion batteries still the best choice for such applications? (For the purpose of this question, I'm only considering batteries. I am aware that there are many other industrial scale electricity storage technologies proposed or in use.)

Comment Re:Excellent. VERY much needed. (Score 3, Informative) 57

In principle, once you have the continuous communication anywhere in the world, you can program the transponders to start churning out black-box type telemetry whenever a dangerous anomalous condition is detected in the plane (e.g. stall, upset, fire.) So it is a somewhat separate issue, rather than a completely separate issue.

Such emergency uploads aren't going to eliminate the need for black boxes: the bandwidth won't be available to transmit everything, and sometimes the vital clue is something that happened 30 minutes before the crash. (And sometimes the interval between detecting 'something is wrong' and total destruction is a few seconds.)

Comment Measles is eradicable (Score 4, Interesting) 419

The only infectious human disease we have ever eradicated is smallpox, which was eradicated way back in the 1970s. From an eradication point of view, measles and smallpox are very similar: they are viruses, they are highly infectious, they do not mutate super-fast, they infect only humans, it is obvious when someone has the disease, there is a very effective vaccine. From a technical point of view, eradicating measles is a very similar task to eradicating smallpox.

However, there is one significant difference: measles is a fairly worrying disease, whereas smallpox is absolutely terrifying. This means there hasn't been the social and political will to push an eradication program. If the will did exist, we could wrap it up in about 10 years (wild guess on my part), and then nobody would ever need a measles vaccination ever again. Don't like vaccinations? Push for eradication. Your kids will get the jab, but your grandkids, great-grandkids, etc. forever, will not.

The list of diseases considered eradicable (as of 2008) is quite short. For example, influenza is not - it readily jumps species (so eradication from humans would require vaccinating wild ducks, for example) and it mutates rapidly, so new vaccines are constantly needed.

The list:
Smallpox (eradicated)
Polio (on the verge of eradication, probably 5 to 10 years off)
Dracunculiasis/Guinea worm (on the verge of eradication)
Yaws (on the verge of eradication)
Malaria (eradication still decades away)
Hookworm
Lymphatic filariasis
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Lymphatic filariasis
Cysticercosis

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