"It works like this: you use an algorithm that puts together in a very orderly fashion every possible note combination. Think of this as Serialism gone buttfuck crazy. If your system has only one note, and only one duration, then it can be represented in binary: 1 = note, 0 = silence. You can arbitrarily limit the duration (set definition) in question. So, let's say it's 8 measures."

This assumption can critically fail later on. When later you assert that your combination of 0s and 1s spans all the possible melodies it relies on this assumption. However, this may not represent actual sound because your system might NOT have at most countably infinite combinations of notes and durations. If either one of these is uncountably infinite, then you can no longer assert that by listing them out you can span all the melodies possible, since you cannot even span all the NOTES or all the DURATIONS possible.