It is not enforced by mathematics.
P2SH (2012): Allowed for complex scripts and multi-signature wallets.
BIP34 (2013): Changed how blocks are upgraded and prevented duplicate transaction IDs.
BIP66 (2015): Upgraded digital signature security.
BIP65 (2015): Added absolute timelocks, letting users lock up coins until a specific date.
CSV (2016): Added relative timelocks, crucial for off-chain networks.
SegWit (2017): The most significant upgrade up to that point. It fixed a major bug (transaction malleability), altered block weight to effectively increase transaction capacity, and paved the way for the Lightning Network.
Taproot (2021): Enhanced privacy, improved smart contract capabilities, and streamlined complex transaction
It is possible for Trillions (2026) A change so that every user gets a trillion bitcoin.
Consensus decides what bitcoin is. The people who decide the consensus are developers and exchanges, not you.