Alternatives to GPT-NeoX

Large language models, often requiring extensive computational resources for training over long periods, have demonstrated impressive proficiency in zero- and few-shot learning tasks. Due to the high investment needed for their development, replicating these models poses a significant challenge for many researchers. Furthermore, access to the few models available via API is limited, as users cannot obtain the complete model weights, complicating academic exploration. In response to this, we introduce Open Pre-trained Transformers (OPT), a collection of decoder-only pre-trained transformers ranging from 125 million to 175 billion parameters, which we intend to share comprehensively and responsibly with interested scholars. Our findings indicate that OPT-175B exhibits performance on par with GPT-3, yet it is developed with only one-seventh of the carbon emissions required for GPT-3's training. Additionally, we will provide a detailed logbook that outlines the infrastructure hurdles we encountered throughout the project, as well as code to facilitate experimentation with all released models, ensuring that researchers have the tools they need to explore this technology further.

GPT-J represents an advanced language model developed by EleutherAI, known for its impressive capabilities. When it comes to performance, GPT-J showcases a proficiency that rivals OpenAI's well-known GPT-3 in various zero-shot tasks. Remarkably, it has even outperformed GPT-3 in specific areas, such as code generation. The most recent version of this model, called GPT-J-6B, is constructed using a comprehensive linguistic dataset known as The Pile, which is publicly accessible and consists of an extensive 825 gibibytes of language data divided into 22 unique subsets. Although GPT-J possesses similarities to ChatGPT, it's crucial to highlight that it is primarily intended for text prediction rather than functioning as a chatbot. In a notable advancement in March 2023, Databricks unveiled Dolly, a model that is capable of following instructions and operates under an Apache license, further enriching the landscape of language models. This evolution in AI technology continues to push the boundaries of what is possible in natural language processing.

We introduce T5, a model that transforms all natural language processing tasks into a consistent text-to-text format, ensuring that both inputs and outputs are text strings, unlike BERT-style models which are limited to providing either a class label or a segment of the input text. This innovative text-to-text approach enables us to utilize the same model architecture, loss function, and hyperparameter settings across various NLP tasks such as machine translation, document summarization, question answering, and classification, including sentiment analysis. Furthermore, T5's versatility extends to regression tasks, where it can be trained to output the textual form of a number rather than the number itself, showcasing its adaptability. This unified framework greatly simplifies the handling of diverse NLP challenges, promoting efficiency and consistency in model training and application.

Pythia integrates the examination of interpretability and scaling principles to gain insights into the progression and transformation of knowledge throughout the training of autoregressive transformer models. This approach enables a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind model learning and adaptation.

NVIDIA NeMo LLM offers a streamlined approach to personalizing and utilizing large language models that are built on a variety of frameworks. Developers are empowered to implement enterprise AI solutions utilizing NeMo LLM across both private and public cloud environments. They can access Megatron 530B, which is among the largest language models available, via the cloud API or through the LLM service for hands-on experimentation. Users can tailor their selections from a range of NVIDIA or community-supported models that align with their AI application needs. By utilizing prompt learning techniques, they can enhance the quality of responses in just minutes to hours by supplying targeted context for particular use cases. Moreover, the NeMo LLM Service and the cloud API allow users to harness the capabilities of NVIDIA Megatron 530B, ensuring they have access to cutting-edge language processing technology. Additionally, the platform supports models specifically designed for drug discovery, available through both the cloud API and the NVIDIA BioNeMo framework, further expanding the potential applications of this innovative service.

NVIDIA NeMo Megatron serves as a comprehensive framework designed for the training and deployment of large language models (LLMs) that can range from billions to trillions of parameters. As a integral component of the NVIDIA AI platform, it provides a streamlined, efficient, and cost-effective solution in a containerized format for constructing and deploying LLMs. Tailored for enterprise application development, the framework leverages cutting-edge technologies stemming from NVIDIA research and offers a complete workflow that automates distributed data processing, facilitates the training of large-scale custom models like GPT-3, T5, and multilingual T5 (mT5), and supports model deployment for large-scale inference. The process of utilizing LLMs becomes straightforward with the availability of validated recipes and predefined configurations that streamline both training and inference. Additionally, the hyperparameter optimization tool simplifies the customization of models by automatically exploring the optimal hyperparameter configurations, enhancing performance for training and inference across various distributed GPU cluster setups. This approach not only saves time but also ensures that users can achieve superior results with minimal effort.

Gemini Flash represents a cutting-edge large language model developed by Google, specifically engineered for rapid, efficient language processing activities. As a part of the Gemini lineup from Google DeepMind, it is designed to deliver instantaneous responses and effectively manage extensive applications, proving to be exceptionally suited for dynamic AI-driven interactions like customer service, virtual assistants, and real-time chat systems. In addition to its impressive speed, Gemini Flash maintains a high standard of quality; it utilizes advanced neural architectures that guarantee responses are contextually appropriate, coherent, and accurate. Google has also integrated stringent ethical guidelines and responsible AI methodologies into Gemini Flash, providing it with safeguards to address and reduce biased outputs, thereby ensuring compliance with Google’s principles for secure and inclusive AI. With the capabilities of Gemini Flash, businesses and developers are empowered to implement agile, intelligent language solutions that can satisfy the requirements of rapidly evolving environments. This innovative model marks a significant step forward in the quest for sophisticated AI technologies that respect ethical considerations while enhancing user experience.

Alpa is designed to simplify the process of automating extensive distributed training and serving with minimal coding effort. Originally created by a team at Sky Lab, UC Berkeley, it employs several advanced techniques documented in a paper presented at OSDI'2022. The Alpa community continues to expand, welcoming new contributors from Google. A language model serves as a probability distribution over sequences of words, allowing it to foresee the next word based on the context of preceding words. This capability proves valuable for various AI applications, including email auto-completion and chatbot functionalities. For further insights, one can visit the Wikipedia page dedicated to language models. Among these models, GPT-3 stands out as a remarkably large language model, boasting 175 billion parameters and utilizing deep learning to generate text that closely resembles human writing. Many researchers and media outlets have characterized GPT-3 as "one of the most interesting and significant AI systems ever developed," and its influence continues to grow as it becomes integral to cutting-edge NLP research and applications. Additionally, its implementation has sparked discussions about the future of AI-driven communication tools.

VideoPoet is an innovative modeling technique that transforms any autoregressive language model or large language model (LLM) into an effective video generator. It comprises several straightforward components. An autoregressive language model is trained across multiple modalities—video, image, audio, and text—to predict the subsequent video or audio token in a sequence. The training framework for the LLM incorporates a range of multimodal generative learning objectives, such as text-to-video, text-to-image, image-to-video, video frame continuation, inpainting and outpainting of videos, video stylization, and video-to-audio conversion. Additionally, these tasks can be combined to enhance zero-shot capabilities. This straightforward approach demonstrates that language models are capable of generating and editing videos with impressive temporal coherence, showcasing the potential for advanced multimedia applications. As a result, VideoPoet opens up exciting possibilities for creative expression and automated content creation.

Mercury, the groundbreaking creation from Inception Labs, represents the first large language model at a commercial scale that utilizes diffusion technology, achieving a remarkable tenfold increase in processing speed while also lowering costs in comparison to standard autoregressive models. Designed for exceptional performance in reasoning, coding, and the generation of structured text, Mercury can handle over 1000 tokens per second when operating on NVIDIA H100 GPUs, positioning it as one of the most rapid LLMs on the market. In contrast to traditional models that produce text sequentially, Mercury enhances its responses through a coarse-to-fine diffusion strategy, which boosts precision and minimizes instances of hallucination. Additionally, with the inclusion of Mercury Coder, a tailored coding module, developers are empowered to take advantage of advanced AI-assisted code generation that boasts remarkable speed and effectiveness. This innovative approach not only transforms coding practices but also sets a new benchmark for the capabilities of AI in various applications.

Qwen-7B is the 7-billion parameter iteration of Alibaba Cloud's Qwen language model series, also known as Tongyi Qianwen. This large language model utilizes a Transformer architecture and has been pretrained on an extensive dataset comprising web texts, books, code, and more. Furthermore, we introduced Qwen-7B-Chat, an AI assistant that builds upon the pretrained Qwen-7B model and incorporates advanced alignment techniques. The Qwen-7B series boasts several notable features: It has been trained on a premium dataset, with over 2.2 trillion tokens sourced from a self-assembled collection of high-quality texts and codes across various domains, encompassing both general and specialized knowledge. Additionally, our model demonstrates exceptional performance, surpassing competitors of similar size on numerous benchmark datasets that assess capabilities in natural language understanding, mathematics, and coding tasks. This positions Qwen-7B as a leading choice in the realm of AI language models. Overall, its sophisticated training and robust design contribute to its impressive versatility and effectiveness.

Pre-trained language models have made significant strides, achieving top-tier performance across multiple Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. The impressive capabilities of GPT-3 highlight how increasing the scale of these models can unlock their vast potential. Recently, a comprehensive framework known as ERNIE 3.0 was introduced to pre-train large-scale models enriched with knowledge, culminating in a model boasting 10 billion parameters. This iteration of ERNIE 3.0 has surpassed the performance of existing leading models in a variety of NLP tasks. To further assess the effects of scaling, we have developed an even larger model called ERNIE 3.0 Titan, which consists of up to 260 billion parameters and is built on the PaddlePaddle platform. Additionally, we have implemented a self-supervised adversarial loss alongside a controllable language modeling loss, enabling ERNIE 3.0 Titan to produce texts that are both reliable and modifiable, thus pushing the boundaries of what these models can achieve. This approach not only enhances the model's capabilities but also opens new avenues for research in text generation and control.

ALBERT is a self-supervised Transformer architecture that undergoes pretraining on a vast dataset of English text, eliminating the need for manual annotations by employing an automated method to create inputs and corresponding labels from unprocessed text. This model is designed with two primary training objectives in mind. The first objective, known as Masked Language Modeling (MLM), involves randomly obscuring 15% of the words in a given sentence and challenging the model to accurately predict those masked words. This approach sets it apart from recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and autoregressive models such as GPT, as it enables ALBERT to capture bidirectional representations of sentences. The second training objective is Sentence Ordering Prediction (SOP), which focuses on the task of determining the correct sequence of two adjacent text segments during the pretraining phase. By incorporating these dual objectives, ALBERT enhances its understanding of language structure and contextual relationships. This innovative design contributes to its effectiveness in various natural language processing tasks.

BLOOM is a sophisticated autoregressive language model designed to extend text based on given prompts, leveraging extensive text data and significant computational power. This capability allows it to generate coherent and contextually relevant content in 46 different languages, along with 13 programming languages, often making it difficult to differentiate its output from that of a human author. Furthermore, BLOOM's versatility enables it to tackle various text-related challenges, even those it has not been specifically trained on, by interpreting them as tasks of text generation. Its adaptability makes it a valuable tool for a range of applications across multiple domains.

The MiniMax‑M1 model, introduced by MiniMax AI and licensed under Apache 2.0, represents a significant advancement in hybrid-attention reasoning architecture. With an extraordinary capacity for handling a 1 million-token context window and generating outputs of up to 80,000 tokens, it facilitates in-depth analysis of lengthy texts. Utilizing a cutting-edge CISPO algorithm, MiniMax‑M1 was trained through extensive reinforcement learning, achieving completion on 512 H800 GPUs in approximately three weeks. This model sets a new benchmark in performance across various domains, including mathematics, programming, software development, tool utilization, and understanding of long contexts, either matching or surpassing the capabilities of leading models in the field. Additionally, users can choose between two distinct variants of the model, each with a thinking budget of either 40K or 80K, and access the model's weights and deployment instructions on platforms like GitHub and Hugging Face. Such features make MiniMax‑M1 a versatile tool for developers and researchers alike.

PygmalionAI is a vibrant community focused on the development of open-source initiatives utilizing EleutherAI's GPT-J 6B and Meta's LLaMA models. Essentially, Pygmalion specializes in crafting AI tailored for engaging conversations and roleplaying. The actively maintained Pygmalion AI model currently features the 7B variant, derived from Meta AI's LLaMA model. Requiring a mere 18GB (or even less) of VRAM, Pygmalion demonstrates superior chat functionality compared to significantly larger language models, all while utilizing relatively limited resources. Our meticulously assembled dataset, rich in high-quality roleplaying content, guarantees that your AI companion will be the perfect partner for roleplaying scenarios. Both the model weights and the training code are entirely open-source, allowing you the freedom to modify and redistribute them for any purpose you desire. Generally, language models, such as Pygmalion, operate on GPUs, as they require swift memory access and substantial processing power to generate coherent text efficiently. As a result, users can expect a smooth and responsive interaction experience when employing Pygmalion's capabilities.

GPT-4, or Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4, is a highly advanced unsupervised language model that is anticipated for release by OpenAI. As the successor to GPT-3, it belongs to the GPT-n series of natural language processing models and was developed using an extensive dataset comprising 45TB of text, enabling it to generate and comprehend text in a manner akin to human communication. Distinct from many conventional NLP models, GPT-4 operates without the need for additional training data tailored to specific tasks. It is capable of generating text or responding to inquiries by utilizing only the context it creates internally. Demonstrating remarkable versatility, GPT-4 can adeptly tackle a diverse array of tasks such as translation, summarization, question answering, sentiment analysis, and more, all without any dedicated task-specific training. This ability to perform such varied functions further highlights its potential impact on the field of artificial intelligence and natural language processing.

Utilize sophisticated coding and language models across a diverse range of applications. Harness the power of expansive generative AI models that possess an intricate grasp of both language and code, paving the way for enhanced reasoning and comprehension skills essential for developing innovative applications. These advanced models can be applied to multiple scenarios, including writing support, automatic code creation, and data reasoning. Moreover, ensure responsible AI practices by implementing measures to detect and mitigate potential misuse, all while benefiting from enterprise-level security features offered by Azure. With access to generative models pretrained on vast datasets comprising trillions of words, you can explore new possibilities in language processing, code analysis, reasoning, inferencing, and comprehension. Further personalize these generative models by using labeled datasets tailored to your unique needs through an easy-to-use REST API. Additionally, you can optimize your model's performance by fine-tuning hyperparameters for improved output accuracy. The few-shot learning functionality allows you to provide sample inputs to the API, resulting in more pertinent and context-aware outcomes. This flexibility enhances your ability to meet specific application demands effectively.

Training cutting-edge language models presents significant challenges; it demands vast computational resources, intricate distributed computing strategies, and substantial machine learning knowledge. Consequently, only a limited number of organizations embark on the journey of developing large language models (LLMs) from the ground up. Furthermore, many of those with the necessary capabilities and knowledge have begun to restrict access to their findings, indicating a notable shift from practices observed just a few months ago. At Cerebras, we are committed to promoting open access to state-of-the-art models. Therefore, we are excited to share with the open-source community the launch of Cerebras-GPT, which consists of a series of seven GPT models with parameter counts ranging from 111 million to 13 billion. Utilizing the Chinchilla formula for training, these models deliver exceptional accuracy while optimizing for computational efficiency. Notably, Cerebras-GPT boasts quicker training durations, reduced costs, and lower energy consumption compared to any publicly accessible model currently available. By releasing these models, we hope to inspire further innovation and collaboration in the field of machine learning.

Baichuan-13B is an advanced large-scale language model developed by Baichuan Intelligent, featuring 13 billion parameters and available for open-source and commercial use, building upon its predecessor Baichuan-7B. This model has set new records for performance among similarly sized models on esteemed Chinese and English evaluation metrics. The release includes two distinct pre-training variations: Baichuan-13B-Base and Baichuan-13B-Chat. By significantly increasing the parameter count to 13 billion, Baichuan-13B enhances its capabilities, training on 1.4 trillion tokens from a high-quality dataset, which surpasses LLaMA-13B's training data by 40%. It currently holds the distinction of being the model with the most extensive training data in the 13B category, providing robust support for both Chinese and English languages, utilizing ALiBi positional encoding, and accommodating a context window of 4096 tokens for improved comprehension and generation. This makes it a powerful tool for a variety of applications in natural language processing.

Recent breakthroughs in natural language processing, comprehension, and generation have been greatly influenced by the development of large language models. This research presents a system that employs Ascend 910 AI processors and the MindSpore framework to train a language model exceeding one trillion parameters, specifically 1.085 trillion, referred to as PanGu-{\Sigma}. This model enhances the groundwork established by PanGu-{\alpha} by converting the conventional dense Transformer model into a sparse format through a method known as Random Routed Experts (RRE). Utilizing a substantial dataset of 329 billion tokens, the model was effectively trained using a strategy called Expert Computation and Storage Separation (ECSS), which resulted in a remarkable 6.3-fold improvement in training throughput through the use of heterogeneous computing. Through various experiments, it was found that PanGu-{\Sigma} achieves a new benchmark in zero-shot learning across multiple downstream tasks in Chinese NLP, showcasing its potential in advancing the field. This advancement signifies a major leap forward in the capabilities of language models, illustrating the impact of innovative training techniques and architectural modifications.

Inflection AI is an innovative research and development company in the realm of artificial intelligence, dedicated to crafting sophisticated AI systems that facilitate more natural and intuitive interactions with humans. Established in 2022 by notable entrepreneurs including Mustafa Suleyman, who co-founded DeepMind, and Reid Hoffman, a co-founder of LinkedIn, the company aims to democratize access to powerful AI while ensuring it aligns closely with human values. Inflection AI concentrates on developing extensive language models that improve communication between humans and AI, with the intention of revolutionizing various sectors, including customer support and personal productivity, through the implementation of intelligent, responsive, and ethically conceived AI systems. With a strong emphasis on safety, transparency, and user empowerment, the company is committed to ensuring that its advancements have a constructive impact on society, all while actively mitigating the potential risks linked to AI technologies. Moreover, Inflection AI aspires to pave the way for future innovations that prioritize both utility and ethical considerations, reinforcing its role as a leader in the AI landscape.

Sky-T1-32B-Preview is an innovative open-source reasoning model crafted by the NovaSky team at UC Berkeley's Sky Computing Lab. It delivers performance comparable to proprietary models such as o1-preview on various reasoning and coding assessments, while being developed at a cost of less than $450, highlighting the potential for budget-friendly, advanced reasoning abilities. Fine-tuned from Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct, the model utilized a meticulously curated dataset comprising 17,000 examples spanning multiple fields, such as mathematics and programming. The entire training process was completed in just 19 hours using eight H100 GPUs with DeepSpeed Zero-3 offloading technology. Every component of this initiative—including the data, code, and model weights—is entirely open-source, allowing both academic and open-source communities to not only replicate but also improve upon the model's capabilities. This accessibility fosters collaboration and innovation in the realm of artificial intelligence research and development.

Qwen3 is a state-of-the-art large language model designed to revolutionize the way we interact with AI. Featuring both thinking and non-thinking modes, Qwen3 allows users to customize its response style, ensuring optimal performance for both complex reasoning tasks and quick inquiries. With the ability to support 119 languages, the model is suitable for international projects. The model's hybrid training approach, which involves over 36 trillion tokens, ensures accuracy across a variety of disciplines, from coding to STEM problems. Its integration with platforms such as Hugging Face, ModelScope, and Kaggle allows for easy adoption in both research and production environments. By enhancing multilingual support and incorporating advanced AI techniques, Qwen3 is designed to push the boundaries of AI-driven applications.

Stable LM represents a significant advancement in the field of language models by leveraging our previous experience with open-source initiatives, particularly in collaboration with EleutherAI, a nonprofit research organization. This journey includes the development of notable models such as GPT-J, GPT-NeoX, and the Pythia suite, all of which were trained on The Pile open-source dataset, while many contemporary open-source models like Cerebras-GPT and Dolly-2 have drawn inspiration from this foundational work. Unlike its predecessors, Stable LM is trained on an innovative dataset that is three times the size of The Pile, encompassing a staggering 1.5 trillion tokens. We plan to share more information about this dataset in the near future. The extensive nature of this dataset enables Stable LM to excel remarkably in both conversational and coding scenarios, despite its relatively modest size of 3 to 7 billion parameters when compared to larger models like GPT-3, which boasts 175 billion parameters. Designed for versatility, Stable LM 3B is a streamlined model that can efficiently function on portable devices such as laptops and handheld gadgets, making us enthusiastic about its practical applications and mobility. Overall, the development of Stable LM marks a pivotal step towards creating more efficient and accessible language models for a wider audience.

Inception Labs is at the forefront of advancing artificial intelligence through the development of diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs), which represent a significant innovation in the field by achieving performance that is ten times faster and costs that are five to ten times lower than conventional autoregressive models. Drawing inspiration from the achievements of diffusion techniques in generating images and videos, Inception's dLLMs offer improved reasoning abilities, error correction features, and support for multimodal inputs, which collectively enhance the generation of structured and precise text. This innovative approach not only boosts efficiency but also elevates the control users have over AI outputs. With its wide-ranging applications in enterprise solutions, academic research, and content creation, Inception Labs is redefining the benchmarks for speed and effectiveness in AI-powered processes. The transformative potential of these advancements promises to reshape various industries by optimizing workflows and enhancing productivity.

NVIDIA has created the Nemotron family of open-source models aimed at producing synthetic data specifically for training large language models (LLMs) intended for commercial use. Among these, the Nemotron-4 340B model stands out as a key innovation, providing developers with a robust resource to generate superior quality data while also allowing for the filtering of this data according to multiple attributes through a reward model. This advancement not only enhances data generation capabilities but also streamlines the process of training LLMs, making it more efficient and tailored to specific needs.

The Megatron-Turing Natural Language Generation model (MT-NLG) stands out as the largest and most advanced monolithic transformer model for the English language, boasting an impressive 530 billion parameters. This 105-layer transformer architecture significantly enhances the capabilities of previous leading models, particularly in zero-shot, one-shot, and few-shot scenarios. It exhibits exceptional precision across a wide range of natural language processing tasks, including completion prediction, reading comprehension, commonsense reasoning, natural language inference, and word sense disambiguation. To foster further research on this groundbreaking English language model and to allow users to explore and utilize its potential in various language applications, NVIDIA has introduced an Early Access program for its managed API service dedicated to the MT-NLG model. This initiative aims to facilitate experimentation and innovation in the field of natural language processing.

We are creating advanced large language models tailored to India's rich linguistic diversity while also facilitating innovative GenAI applications through custom enterprise solutions. Our focus is on building a robust platform that empowers businesses to create and assess their own GenAI applications seamlessly. Believing in the transformative potential of open-source, we are dedicated to contributing to community-driven models and datasets, and we will take a leading role in curating large-scale data aimed at the public good. Our team consists of dynamic AI innovators who combine their expertise in research, engineering, product design, and business operations to drive progress. United by a common dedication to scientific excellence and making a positive societal impact, we cultivate a workplace where addressing intricate technological challenges is embraced as a true passion. In this collaborative environment, we strive to push the boundaries of AI and its applications for the betterment of society.

Qwen2.5-Max is an advanced Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model created by the Qwen team, which has been pretrained on an extensive dataset of over 20 trillion tokens and subsequently enhanced through methods like Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). Its performance in evaluations surpasses that of models such as DeepSeek V3 across various benchmarks, including Arena-Hard, LiveBench, LiveCodeBench, and GPQA-Diamond, while also achieving strong results in other tests like MMLU-Pro. This model is available through an API on Alibaba Cloud, allowing users to easily integrate it into their applications, and it can also be interacted with on Qwen Chat for a hands-on experience. With its superior capabilities, Qwen2.5-Max represents a significant advancement in AI model technology.

Seed Diffusion Preview is an advanced language model designed for code generation that employs discrete-state diffusion, allowing it to produce code in a non-sequential manner, resulting in significantly faster inference times without compromising on quality. This innovative approach utilizes a two-stage training process that involves mask-based corruption followed by edit-based augmentation, enabling a standard dense Transformer to achieve an optimal balance between speed and precision while avoiding shortcuts like carry-over unmasking, which helps maintain rigorous density estimation. The model impressively achieves an inference rate of 2,146 tokens per second on H20 GPUs, surpassing current diffusion benchmarks while either matching or exceeding their accuracy on established code evaluation metrics, including various editing tasks. This performance not only sets a new benchmark for the speed-quality trade-off in code generation but also showcases the effective application of discrete diffusion methods in practical coding scenarios. Its success opens up new avenues for enhancing efficiency in coding tasks across multiple platforms.

Microsoft’s BitNet b1.58 2B4T is a breakthrough in AI with its native 1-bit LLM architecture. This model has been optimized for computational efficiency, offering significant reductions in memory, energy, and latency while still achieving high performance on various AI benchmarks. It supports a range of natural language processing tasks, making it an ideal solution for scalable and cost-effective AI implementations in industries requiring fast, energy-efficient inference and robust language capabilities.

Magic’s LTM-1 technology facilitates context windows that are 50 times larger than those typically used in transformer models. As a result, Magic has developed a Large Language Model (LLM) that can effectively process vast amounts of contextual information when providing suggestions. This advancement allows our coding assistant to access and analyze your complete code repository. With the ability to reference extensive factual details and their own prior actions, larger context windows can significantly enhance the reliability and coherence of AI outputs. We are excited about the potential of this research to further improve user experience in coding assistance applications.

OLMo 2 represents a collection of completely open language models created by the Allen Institute for AI (AI2), aimed at giving researchers and developers clear access to training datasets, open-source code, reproducible training methodologies, and thorough assessments. These models are trained on an impressive volume of up to 5 trillion tokens and compete effectively with top open-weight models like Llama 3.1, particularly in English academic evaluations. A key focus of OLMo 2 is on ensuring training stability, employing strategies to mitigate loss spikes during extended training periods, and applying staged training interventions in the later stages of pretraining to mitigate weaknesses in capabilities. Additionally, the models leverage cutting-edge post-training techniques derived from AI2's Tülu 3, leading to the development of OLMo 2-Instruct models. To facilitate ongoing enhancements throughout the development process, an actionable evaluation framework known as the Open Language Modeling Evaluation System (OLMES) was created, which includes 20 benchmarks that evaluate essential capabilities. This comprehensive approach not only fosters transparency but also encourages continuous improvement in language model performance.

DeepSeek R2 is the highly awaited successor to DeepSeek R1, an innovative AI reasoning model that made waves when it was introduced in January 2025 by the Chinese startup DeepSeek. This new version builds on the remarkable achievements of R1, which significantly altered the AI landscape by providing cost-effective performance comparable to leading models like OpenAI’s o1. R2 is set to offer a substantial upgrade in capabilities, promising impressive speed and reasoning abilities akin to that of a human, particularly in challenging areas such as complex coding and advanced mathematics. By utilizing DeepSeek’s cutting-edge Mixture-of-Experts architecture along with optimized training techniques, R2 is designed to surpass the performance of its predecessor while keeping computational demands low. Additionally, there are expectations that this model may broaden its reasoning skills to accommodate languages beyond just English, potentially increasing its global usability. The anticipation surrounding R2 highlights the ongoing evolution of AI technology and its implications for various industries.

Palmyra represents a collection of Large Language Models (LLMs) specifically designed to deliver accurate and reliable outcomes in business settings. These models shine in various applications, including answering questions, analyzing images, and supporting more than 30 languages, with options for fine-tuning tailored to sectors such as healthcare and finance. Remarkably, the Palmyra models have secured top positions in notable benchmarks such as Stanford HELM and PubMedQA, with Palmyra-Fin being the first to successfully clear the CFA Level III examination. Writer emphasizes data security by refraining from utilizing client data for training or model adjustments, adhering to a strict zero data retention policy. The Palmyra suite features specialized models, including Palmyra X 004, which boasts tool-calling functionalities; Palmyra Med, created specifically for the healthcare industry; Palmyra Fin, focused on financial applications; and Palmyra Vision, which delivers sophisticated image and video processing capabilities. These advanced models are accessible via Writer's comprehensive generative AI platform, which incorporates graph-based Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) for enhanced functionality. With continual advancements and improvements, Palmyra aims to redefine the landscape of enterprise-level AI solutions.

LLaVA, or Large Language-and-Vision Assistant, represents a groundbreaking multimodal model that combines a vision encoder with the Vicuna language model, enabling enhanced understanding of both visual and textual information. By employing end-to-end training, LLaVA showcases remarkable conversational abilities, mirroring the multimodal features found in models such as GPT-4. Significantly, LLaVA-1.5 has reached cutting-edge performance on 11 different benchmarks, leveraging publicly accessible data and achieving completion of its training in about one day on a single 8-A100 node, outperforming approaches that depend on massive datasets. The model's development included the construction of a multimodal instruction-following dataset, which was produced using a language-only variant of GPT-4. This dataset consists of 158,000 distinct language-image instruction-following examples, featuring dialogues, intricate descriptions, and advanced reasoning challenges. Such a comprehensive dataset has played a crucial role in equipping LLaVA to handle a diverse range of tasks related to vision and language with great efficiency. In essence, LLaVA not only enhances the interaction between visual and textual modalities but also sets a new benchmark in the field of multimodal AI.

John Snow Labs has developed a sophisticated large language model (LLM) specifically for the medical field, aimed at transforming how healthcare organizations utilize artificial intelligence. This groundbreaking platform is designed exclusively for healthcare professionals, merging state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) abilities with an in-depth comprehension of medical language, clinical processes, and compliance standards. Consequently, it serves as an essential resource that empowers healthcare providers, researchers, and administrators to gain valuable insights, enhance patient care, and increase operational effectiveness. Central to the Healthcare LLM is its extensive training on a diverse array of healthcare-related materials, which includes clinical notes, academic research, and regulatory texts. This targeted training equips the model to proficiently understand and produce medical language, making it a crucial tool for various applications such as clinical documentation, automated coding processes, and medical research initiatives. Furthermore, its capabilities extend to streamlining workflows, thereby allowing healthcare professionals to focus more on patient care rather than administrative tasks.

Scale AI is excited to introduce Defense Llama, a specialized Large Language Model (LLM) developed from Meta’s Llama 3, tailored specifically to enhance American national security initiatives. Designed for exclusive use within controlled U.S. government settings through Scale Donovan, Defense Llama equips our military personnel and national security experts with the generative AI tools needed for various applications, including the planning of military operations and the analysis of adversary weaknesses. With its training grounded in a comprehensive array of materials, including military doctrines and international humanitarian laws, Defense Llama adheres to the Department of Defense (DoD) guidelines on armed conflict and aligns with the DoD’s Ethical Principles for Artificial Intelligence. This structured foundation allows the model to deliver precise, relevant, and insightful responses tailored to the needs of its users. By providing a secure and efficient generative AI platform, Scale is committed to enhancing the capabilities of U.S. defense personnel in their critical missions. The integration of such technology marks a significant advancement in how national security objectives can be achieved.

The Gemini 1.5 Flash AI model represents a sophisticated, high-speed language processing system built to achieve remarkable speed and immediate responsiveness. It is specifically crafted for environments that necessitate swift and timely performance, integrating an optimized neural framework with the latest technological advancements to ensure outstanding efficiency while maintaining precision. This model is particularly well-suited for high-velocity data processing needs, facilitating quick decision-making and effective multitasking, making it perfect for applications such as chatbots, customer support frameworks, and interactive platforms. Its compact yet robust architecture allows for efficient deployment across various settings, including cloud infrastructures and edge computing devices, thus empowering organizations to enhance their operational capabilities with unparalleled flexibility. Furthermore, the model’s design prioritizes both performance and scalability, ensuring it meets the evolving demands of modern businesses.

The Gemma family consists of advanced, lightweight models developed using the same innovative research and technology as the Gemini models. These cutting-edge models are equipped with robust security features that promote responsible and trustworthy AI applications, achieved through carefully curated data sets and thorough refinements. Notably, Gemma models excel in their various sizes—2B, 7B, 9B, and 27B—often exceeding the performance of some larger open models. With the introduction of Keras 3.0, users can experience effortless integration with JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch, providing flexibility in framework selection based on specific tasks. Designed for peak performance and remarkable efficiency, Gemma 2 is specifically optimized for rapid inference across a range of hardware platforms. Furthermore, the Gemma family includes diverse models that cater to distinct use cases, ensuring they adapt effectively to user requirements. These lightweight language models feature a decoder and have been trained on an extensive array of textual data, programming code, and mathematical concepts, which enhances their versatility and utility in various applications.

DataGemma signifies a groundbreaking initiative by Google aimed at improving the precision and dependability of large language models when handling statistical information. Released as a collection of open models, DataGemma utilizes Google's Data Commons, a comprehensive source of publicly available statistical information, to root its outputs in actual data. This project introduces two cutting-edge methods: Retrieval Interleaved Generation (RIG) and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). The RIG approach incorporates real-time data verification during the content generation phase to maintain factual integrity, while RAG focuses on acquiring pertinent information ahead of producing responses, thereby minimizing the risk of inaccuracies often referred to as AI hallucinations. Through these strategies, DataGemma aspires to offer users more reliable and factually accurate answers, representing a notable advancement in the effort to combat misinformation in AI-driven content. Ultimately, this initiative not only underscores Google's commitment to responsible AI but also enhances the overall user experience by fostering trust in the information provided.

Z.ai serves as a versatile, complimentary AI assistant that integrates presentations, writing, and coding into a seamless conversational platform. By harnessing the power of advanced language models, it enables users to create sophisticated slide decks with AI-generated slides, produce high-quality text for various purposes such as emails, reports, and blogs, and even write or troubleshoot intricate code. In addition to content generation, Z.ai excels in conducting thorough research and information retrieval, allowing users to collect data, condense lengthy documents, and break through writer's block, while its coding assistant can clarify code snippets, optimize functions, or generate scripts from the ground up. The user-friendly chat interface eliminates the need for extensive training; you simply communicate your requirements—be it a strategic presentation, marketing content, or a script for data analysis—and receive immediate, contextually pertinent outcomes. With capabilities that extend to multiple languages, including Chinese, as well as native function invocation and support for an extensive 128K token context, Z.ai is equipped to facilitate everything from idea generation to the automation of tedious writing or coding tasks, making it an invaluable tool for professionals across various fields. Its comprehensive approach ensures that users can navigate complex projects with ease and efficiency.

ESMFold demonstrates how artificial intelligence can equip us with innovative instruments to explore the natural world, akin to the way the microscope revolutionized our perception by allowing us to observe the minute details of life. Through AI, we can gain a fresh perspective on the vast array of biological diversity, enhancing our comprehension of life sciences. A significant portion of AI research has been dedicated to enabling machines to interpret the world in a manner reminiscent of human understanding. However, the complex language of proteins remains largely inaccessible to humans and has proven challenging for even the most advanced computational systems. Nevertheless, AI holds the promise of unlocking this intricate language, facilitating our grasp of biological processes. Exploring AI within the realm of biology not only enriches our understanding of life sciences but also sheds light on the broader implications of artificial intelligence itself. Our research highlights the interconnectedness of various fields: the large language models powering advancements in machine translation, natural language processing, speech recognition, and image synthesis also possess the capability to assimilate profound insights about biological systems. This cross-disciplinary approach could pave the way for unprecedented discoveries in both AI and biology.

Dolly is an economical large language model that surprisingly demonstrates a notable level of instruction-following abilities similar to those seen in ChatGPT. While the Alpaca team's research revealed that cutting-edge models could be encouraged to excel in high-quality instruction adherence, our findings indicate that even older open-source models with earlier architectures can display remarkable behaviors when fine-tuned on a modest set of instructional training data. By utilizing an existing open-source model with 6 billion parameters from EleutherAI, Dolly has been slightly adjusted to enhance its ability to follow instructions, showcasing skills like brainstorming and generating text that were absent in its original form. This approach not only highlights the potential of older models but also opens new avenues for leveraging existing technologies in innovative ways.